Effects of architectural issues on a km3 scale detector

Simulation results showing the comparison between the performance of different km3 detector geometries are reported. Effective neutrino areas and angular resolutions are reported for three different geometries based on NEMO-towers and strings. The results show that the NEMO-tower based detector has the best performance concerning both the effective area and the angular resolution isotropyComment: to be published on VVVNT2 proceedings (Catania, Italy, November 8-11, 2005

First results of the ANTARES neutrino telescope

The ANTARES neutrino telescope was completed in May 2008 and its first results of the searches for point-like and diffuse neutrino fluxes are presented. The sensitivity reached for point-like searches for a live time of 295 days and for declination lower than −50° is of 7.5×10−8 GeV−1 cm−2 s−1. For the search of diffuse flux the observed number of events is found to be compatible with the background expectation and a 90% CL upper limit of 5.3×10−8 GeV cm−2 s−1 sr−1 for a total live time of 334 days was set. The multi-messenger ANTARES program is also briefly described with particular emphasis on the neutrino alert system for the detection of transient source of neutrinos

The Status of the KM3NeT Project

AbstractThe main aim of the KM3NeT project is the construction of a deep underwater high energy neutrino telescope in the Mediterranean Sea. In this paper we report on the status of the KM3NeT project that is presently starting the construction phase. The future research infrastructure will also be an important node for Earth and Sea Science research. In this work the main components of the telescope and some results from prototypes together with the first construction phase will be described. Finally a brief discussion on the detector performances on the main physics aims is reported

Strong enhancement of extremely energetic proton production in central heavy ion collisions at intermediate energy

The energetic proton emission has been investigated as a function of the reaction centrality for the system 58Ni + 58Ni at 30A MeV. Extremely energetic protons (EpNN > 130 MeV) were measured and their multiplicity is found to increase almost quadratically with the number of participant nucleons thus indicating the onset of a mechanism beyond one and two-body dynamics.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures, submitted to Physical Review Letter

High-Energy Neutrino Astronomy

Kilometer-scale neutrino detectors such as IceCube are discovery instruments covering nuclear and particle physics, cosmology and astronomy. Examples of their multidisciplinary missions include the search for the particle nature of dark matter and for additional small dimensions of space. In the end, their conceptual design is very much anchored to the observational fact that Nature accelerates protons and photons to energies in excess of $10^{20}$ and $10^{13}$ eV, respectively. The cosmic ray connection sets the scale of cosmic neutrino fluxes. In this context, we discuss the first results of the completed AMANDA detector and the reach of its extension, IceCube. Similar experiments are under construction in the Mediterranean. Neutrino astronomy is also expanding in new directions with efforts to detect air showers, acoustic and radio signals initiated by super-EeV neutrinos.Comment: 9 pages, Latex2e, uses ws-procs975x65standard.sty (included), 4 postscript figures. To appear in Proceedings of Thinking, Observing, and Mining the Universe, Sorrento, Italy, September 200

Re-Evaluation of the Role of Antifibrinolytic Therapy with Lysine Analogs in Liver Transplantation in The Post-Aprotinin Era

Purpose of review: Hemorrhage, blood and blood product transfusions and the need for surgical re-exploration for bleeding can have a detrimental effect on patient outcome during liver surgery. Following the suspension of aprotinin from the market only the antifibrinolyticstranexamic acid (TA) and epsilon-aminocaproic acid (EACA) are left as pharmacological options to reduce hemostatic activation and associated bleeding complications. Considering the apparent usefulnes of aprotinin in liver surgery and transplantation, its loss has left a void within the armamentarium of drugs available to reduce blood loss. The need for large independent safety studies has become evident. The current review focuses on the drugs that are available, the safety and efficacydata that supports their use and the indications warranting further trailsRecent findings Both TA and EACA are effective in reducing blood loss and transfusion requirements in liver surgery. Analysis of data is complicated as the dosing regimens, especially for tranexamic acid, varies enormously and the agents are highly overdosed in most relevant trials. New data indicates that in a dose-dependent fashion, TA is associated with an increase in adverse events with transient renal failure highlighted as a particular problem. It appears that all the anti-fibrinolyticshave side effects that may impact on morbidity and mortality and it may be that aprotinin is no worse. The use of these agents needs to be balanced against benefitespecially in the management of high risk cases

Decay control of cold stored Citrus clementina Hort. ex Tan. fruit by pre- and postharvest application of potassium phosphite

The effectiveness of pre- and postharvest application of potassium phosphite against naturally occuring postharvest decay and storage disorders on clementine Monreal fruit (Citrus clementina Hort. ex Tan.) was investigated. Phosphite solutions were applied according to the following experimental protocol: by spraying fruit on the trees (2.5 g/L), at fruit colour breaking and 15 days before harvest; by the combination of preharvest (2.5 g/L) and postharvest dipping application (4 g of a.i./L). Preharvest applications were compared to Phosethyl-Al solution (2.5 g/L) and water control. Decay and disorders were assessed after 30 days of cold storage at 6±1°C and 90-95% RH, followed by 7 days of shelf life at 20±2°C. The combination of pre- and postharvest application of phosphite was more effective in reducing green (Penicillium digitatum Sacc.) and blue mould (P. italicum Weh.) incidence, as compared to water control, but it was not so effective in reducing the incidence of minor decay. Potassium phosphite treatments, before harvest and in pre-postharvest combination, significantly reduced chilling injury and aging with respect to water control. Based on these results, pre and postharvest application of potassium phosphite can be considered a useful strategy to be included in an integrated approach for controlling green and blue mould of citrus fruit in storage

Dark matter searches using superheated liquids

Direct detection of dark matter is one of the most important topics in modern physics. It is estimated that 22% of universe matter is composed by dark matter in front of 0.4% of ordinary matter like stars, galaxies planets and all kind of known astrophysical objects. Several kinds of experiments are nowadays involved in detection of one of the more accepted particle candidates to be dark matter: WIMPs (Weakly Interacting Massive Particles). These detectors, using several kinds of techniques: Cryogenic semiconductors, scintillation materials like I Na or noble gas chambers among others, are reporting very interesting but inconclusive results. In this paper a review of detectors that are using the superheated liquid technique in bubble chambers in order to detect WIMPs is reported. Basically, we will report about Coupp (Chicagoland observatory for underground particle physics), PICO that is composed by Coupp and Picasso researchers having the aim to build a ton experiment and also about a new detector named MOSCAB (Materia oscura a bolle) that recently published a first results of a test chamber that uses also superheated liquid technique but as a Geyser chamber.Bou Cabo, M.; Ardid Ramírez, M.; Felis-Enguix, I. (2016). Dark matter searches using superheated liquids. EPJ Web of Conferences. 121(06007):1-8. doi:10.1051/epjconf/201612106007S1812106007Rayleigh L., On the pressure developed in a liquid during the collapse of a spherical cavity (Philos. Mag34, 94, 1917)Plesset M.S., The growth of vapor bubbles in superheated liquid (J. Appl. Phys.25, 9493, 1954)Forster H.K., Growth of vapor bubbles in superheated liquid (J. Appl. Phys.05, 474, 1954)Seitz F. (Phys. Fluids1, 2, 1958)Behnke E. et al., Coupp Collaboration, First dark matter search results from a 4-kg CF3I bubble chamber operated in a deep underground site (Phys. Rev. D86, 2012)Behnke et al., Coupp Collaboration, Direct measurement of the bubble-nucleation energy threshold in a CF3I bubble chamber (Phys. Rev. D88, 2013)Archambault S., Picasso Collaboration, Dark Matter Spin-Dependent Limits for WIMPs Interactions on19F by PICASSO(Phys. Lett. B, 2009)Bertoni R. et al., A new technique for direct investigation of dark matter (Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, A, 61–68, 2014)Bou-Cabo M. et al., LOW Radioactivity Techniques 2013 (LRT 2013): Proceedings of the IV International Workshop in Low Radioactivity Techniques, V:1549, 142 – 147Ardid M. et al., MOSCAB: Direct dark matter search using the Geyser technique, Proc. ICHEP 2014 Conf., Nucl. Phys. B: Proc. Supp. (in press

Size and asymmetry of the reaction entrance channel: influence on the probability of neck production

The results of experiments performed to investigate the Ni+Al, Ni+Ni, Ni+Ag reactions at 30 MeV/nucleon are presented. From the study of dissipative midperipheral collisions, it has been possible to detect events in which Intermediate Mass Fragments (IMF) production takes place. The decay of a quasi-projectile has been identified; its excitation energy leads to a multifragmentation totally described in terms of a statistical disassembly of a thermalized system (T$\simeq$4 MeV, E$^*\simeq$4 MeV/nucleon). Moreover, for the systems Ni+Ni, Ni+Ag, in the same nuclear reaction, a source with velocity intermediate between that of the quasi-projectile and that of the quasi-target, emitting IMF, is observed. The fragments produced by this source are more neutron rich than the average matter of the overall system, and have a charge distribution different, with respect to those statistically emitted from the quasi-projectile. The above features can be considered as a signature of the dynamical origin of the midvelocity emission. The results of this analysis show that IMF can be produced via different mechanisms simultaneously present within the same collision. Moreover, once fixed the characteristics of the quasi-projectile in the three considered reactions (in size, excitation energy and temperature), one observes that the probability of a partner IMF production via dynamical mechanism has a threshold (not present in the Ni+Al case) and increases with the size of the target nucleus.Comment: 16 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication on Nuclear Physics